Table 1 Characteristics associated with advanced disease (defined as either a CD4 level ≤ 50 cells/mm3 or a WHO Stage 4 condition) at the time of ART initiation using a log-link Poisson model with robust standard errors.
| Factor |
Number (%) (n = 48, 658) | Prevalence ratio | 95% confidence interval | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex* | ||||
| Women without a history of PMTCT | 29, 939 | Ref. | ||
| Men | 17, 173 | 1.33 | 1.26-1.41 | < 0.001 |
| Women with a history of PMTCT | 1440 | 0.59 | 0.36-0.95 | 0.03 |
| Calendar year of ART initiation, (per 2 years) | 0.92 | 0.86-0.99 | 0.03 | |
| Country of residence | ||||
| Kenya | 33, 680 | Ref. | ||
| Uganda | 10, 859 | 1.28 | 1.04-1.57 | 0.04 |
| Tanzania | 4119 | 1.38 | 1.00-1.92 | 0.05 |
| Age at ART initiation (years) | ||||
| Quartile 1 (18-31) | 13, 152 | Ref. | ||
| Quartile 2 (32-37) | 12, 766 | 0.98 | 0.82-1.04 | 0.44 |
| Quartile 3 (38-43) | 10, 662 | 0.97 | 0.89-1.05 | 0.40 |
| Quartile 4 (44-88) | 12, 078 | 0.85 | 0.79-0.91 | < 0.001 |
| Self-pay+ | ||||
| No | 46, 479 | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 574 | 1.41 | 1.24-1.59 | < 0.001 |